Know Your Rights

What To Do If You or Your Pet Is Attacked in NYC

Hold Negligent Owners Accountable

Put Safety First

  • Get away from the dangerous dog immediately.
  • If you can do so safely, try to get the owner’s name, address, and phone number. If the owner is not present, ask witnesses or neighbors for information.
  • If possible, record video or photos of the dog, the scene, your injuries, and any property damage. This can help the police and the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) later.
  • Check the area afterward for security cameras on nearby buildings, homes, or businesses that may have captured the attack. Video footage can help support your case if you or law enforcement request it.
  • Never put yourself at more risk to get information.
  • If bitten, immediately wash the wound with soap and water and seek medical attention.

Call 911 Immediately

  • Call 911 to report the attack, even if you think it’s minor. If there are injuries or an ongoing threat, emergency response is essential.
  • The police will document the incident by completing a Dangerous Animal/Bite Report. Social media posts or word of mouth do not count as official documentation.
  • You have the right to report a dangerous dog incident. If an officer initially refuses to take a report, politely repeat your request and specifically ask that a Dangerous Animal/Bite Report be completed. If necessary, you can also request to speak with a supervisor, either at the scene or at the precinct, to ensure the incident is formally recorded.
  • If you’re still turned away or treated unfairly, you can file a complaint with the Civilian Complaint Review Board (CCRB).
  • Because these reports are currently handwritten, they may not be assigned a report number. Ask for confirmation that the report was completed and request a copy or any available documentation for your records.

Contact 311 as Soon as Possible (Ideally Within 24 Hours)

  • Contact 311 (by phone or website) to file a complaint with the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH).
  • Under NYC Health Code Article 11, including § 11.03, animal bites are a reportable public health condition. Reporting allows DOHMH to assess rabies risk and begin an investigation.
  • Healthcare providers are required to report bites, and individuals who are bitten are strongly advised to file a report as soon as possible, generally within 24 hours.
  • Even if more than 24 hours have passed, still file a report. Do not assume it’s too late.

Get Medical Care

  • See a doctor or veterinarian immediately if you or your pet was bitten. Dog bites can cause infection, and you may need a tetanus shot, rabies shot, or antibiotics.
  • Take photos of injuries before and after treatment for your records.
  • Keep copies of all medical or veterinary records. These may help your case.

Understand What Might Happen Next

  • The NYPD will document the incident and respond to immediate safety concerns. They do not investigate dangerous dog cases unless there is criminal activity.
  • The NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) investigates dog bites and public health risks.
  • A judge, through a dangerous dog hearing, can order measures such as muzzling, confinement, training, or fines. Removal of a dog requires a court order.
  • You can file a Dangerous Dog complaint directly with a judge under New York law (§123). Many people are not told this step.
  • If the owner ignores court orders, further legal action may be taken, but this can take time and does not guarantee removal.
  • You may recover medical costs and other damages if the owner was negligent. Historically, New York applied a “one-bite rule,” meaning liability often depended on whether the owner knew or should have known the dog had dangerous tendencies. While courts have refined this over time, prior knowledge of aggressive behavior can still be key in civil cases.
  • Although some court decisions recognize the emotional value of pets, they are still legally classified as property under New York law. That recognition has not changed the state’s dangerous dog statutes or enforcement process.

Keep Records and Speak Up

  • Write down the names of any officers or officials you speak with, and keep track of dates and details.
  • Save videos, photos, vet bills, and any letters or orders you receive.
  • If possible, get the names and contact information of any witnesses.
  • If you feel the system is not protecting you, contact your local elected officials. They need to hear your stories to push for stronger laws.
  • Find your Assemblymember and Senator at: https://www.mygovnyc.org
  • Find your City Council Member at: https://council.nyc.gov/districts/

Consider Speaking With a Lawyer

  • If you want to recover costs or take further legal action, you may wish to speak with an attorney who handles personal injury or animal law cases.
  • Search online for “dog bite lawyer NYC” or “animal law attorney.”
  • Check your local bar association for lawyer referral services.
  • Some attorneys offer free consultations. Ask about fees and what to expect before committing.
  • A lawyer can help explain your options, represent you in court, and ensure your rights are protected.

Spread the Word

  • If you or someone you know has experienced a dangerous dog incident, share your story on neighborhood groups, building chats, or local forums. Letting neighbors know about aggressive dogs and negligent owners can help others stay alert and prevent more attacks.

Important Disclaimer
This Action Sheet is provided for general community information only. It does not constitute legal advice or create an attorney-client relationship. Paws for Justice is not liable for actions taken or not taken based on this material. Always consult with law enforcement, the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH), or a qualified attorney regarding your specific situation.